Emas sangat dihargai diseluruh dunia ini karena nilai dan sejarahnya, dimana telah dipakai selama ribuan tahun. Koin yang mengandung emas telah muncul sekitar 800 SM, dan koin emas murni dibuat pertama kali pada jaman Raja Croesus dari Lydia 300 tahun kemudian. Selama berabad-abad, orang terus menggunakan emas
Emas sangat dihargai diseluruh dunia ini karena nilai dan sejarahnya, dimana telah dipakai selama ribuan tahun. Koin yang mengandung emas telah muncul sekitar 800 SM, dan koin emas murni dibuat pertama kali pada jaman Raja Croesus dari Lydia 300 tahun kemudian. Selama berabad-abad, orang terus menggunakan emas untuk berbagai alasan. Dibawah ini adalah delapan alasan utama untuk memiliki emas saat ini.
1. Sejarah Nilai Emas
Tidak seperti mata uang kertas, logam, atau aset lainnya, emas berhasil mempertahankan nilainya dari jaman ke jaman. Orang melihat emas sebagai alat untuk mempertahankan dan meneruskan kekayaan dari generasi ke generasi selanjutnya.
2. Melemahnya Dollar Amerika
Walaupun Dollar Amerika adalah salah satu mata uang terpenting di dunia sebagai reserve currencies, ketika nilai dollar melemah terhadap mata uang lainnya seperti yang terjadi dari tahun 1998 sampai 2008 ini, ini sering membuat orang untuk beralih ke emas, yang akhirnya mendorong naik harga emas. Harga emas hampir naik tiga kali lipat dari periode 1998 sampai 2008 dan mencapai level US$1,000 per ons diawal tahun 2008. Penurunan Dollar Amerika bisa terjadi karena beberapa hal antara lain adalah faktor ekonomi.
3. Inflasi
Menurut sejarah yang ada, emas telah menjadi alat lindung nilai terbaik terhadap inflasi, karena harga emas cenderung naik ketika biaya hidup meningkat. Sejak Perang Dunia II, ada lima tahun dimana inflasi Amerika menyentuh puncaknya yaitu pada 1946, 1974, 1975, 1979 dan 1980. Pada ke lima tahun tersebut, rata-rata tingkat pengembalian riil dari Dow Jones Industrial Index adalah -12.33%, bandingkan dengan emas yang mencapai 130.4%.
4. Deflasi
Ketika terjadi kontraksi harga, aktivitas bisnis melambat dan ekonomi terbebani oleh hutang yang besar, seperti pada Depresi Besar di 1930-an. Pada waktu itu, kekuatan beli relatif dari emas naik tajam sedangkan harga lainnya turun tajam.
5. Kondisi Politik
Emas bisa mempertahankan nilainya bukan hanya ketika terjadi ketidakpastian di dunia keuangan, tetapi juga ketika terjadi ketidakpastian politik. Orang cenderung berpindah ke emas ketika tensi politik dunia naik. Dan disaat seperti itu, kinerja emas seringkali mengalahkan jenis investasi lain. Sebagai contoh ketika kondisi politik dengan Irak dan Iran di 2007 dan 2008 tidak menentu, harga emas bergerak naik signifikan. Serta kadangkala harga emas naik ketika kepercayaan terhadap pemerintah sangat rendah.
6. Keterbatasan Penawaran
Kebanyakan dari suplai emas di pasar sejak 1990 datang dari penjualan emas batangan dari penjualan bank sentral. Penjualan emas batangan oleh bank sentral global ini melemah signifikan di 2008. Diwaktu yang bersamaan, produksi emas baru dipertambangan berada di tren menurun sejak tahun 2000. Butuh waktu kurang lebih 10 tahun untuk memulai produksi emas ditambang baru. Menurut hukum permintaan dan penawaran, jika suplai emas menurun maka harganya cenderung naik.
7. Meningkatnya Permintaan
Bertambah kayanya negara berkembang telah mendorong naiknya tingkat permintaan emas. India dan Cina telah dikenal memiliki permintaan emas yang tinggi disebabkan faktor budaya.
8. Diversifikasi Portofolio
Kunci dari diversifikasi adalah mencari jenis investasi yang tidak terlalu berkorelasi satu sama lain, dan emas selama ini dikenal memiliki korelasi negatif dengan saham dan instrumen keuangan lainnya.
Kesimpulan
Emas seharusnya menjadi bagian penting dalam sebuah portofolio investasi yang terdiversifikasi karena harga emas akan naik ketika nilai dari instrumen keuangan, seperti saham dan obligasi, turun. Walaupun harga emas memiliki volatilitas yang tinggi pada jangka pendek, emas selalu berhasil mempertahankan nilainya dari waktu ke waktu. Selama ini banyak digunakan sebagai alat pelindung dari inflasi dan melemahnya mata uang utama, dan karena itu emas patut dipertimbangkan untuk dimiliki.
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